A pinguecula is an elevated yellowish-whitish buildup of collagen on the conjunctiva covering the sclera (white of the eye). A pinguecula is typically benign and can become inflamed when the eye is dry or infected. 

We usually associate pinguecula and pterygium with excess sun exposure especially in regions near the equator or very dry environments. 

There is no need to remove a pinguecula unless it is painful. 

A pterygium is similar to a pinguecula, however, grows onto the clear cornea and can cause decreased vision, foreign body sensation, red, irritated eyes and contact lens intolerance. A pterygium can be surgically removed. Recurrence rates are reduced with the use of mitomycin C, a specialized glue and graft tissue. 

Pinguecula and Pterygium have been linked to UV exposure and dry eyes. Always make sure to protect your eyes from UV with proper sunglasses. 

When choosing sunglasses make sure they have the following qualities: 

• Lenses that block out 99% to 100% of both UV-A and UV-B rays
• For maximum glare reduction polarized lenses are recommended (keep in mind, polarized lenses can reduce the visibility of screens or instrument panels, this could be problematic especially for pilots)
• Even clear lenses can have 100% UV protection

For more information on the harmful effects of UV click here.

Keeping your eyes well lubricated can also help reduce the risk of pterygium and pinguecula. With so many over-the-counter eye drops, it can be very overwhelming to choose the best eye drop for your specific need. Choose preservative-free whenever possible, avoid redness relief eye drops and have your eyes examined yearly by your eye doctor to keep your eyes healthy.

To review my post on eye drops click here.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm1W5V4LWmg

Conclusion

A pterygium is a buildup of collagen on the white of the eye (sclera) that grows over the clear cornea in a triangular shape. A pterygium can be surgically removed if bothersome to the patient. There are steps that can be taken by the surgeon to reduce the risk of recurrence, such as using a specialized glue, graft and mitomycin C.

Having an annual eye exam, wearing sunglasses and using Artificial tears can reduce the risk of a pterygium that could potentially affect your vision as well as the appearance of your eye.